Editor- In-Chief: Pouran Famili Title proper: Dentistry Subject: Dental medicine Publisher: Openventio Publishers Dates of publication: 2014 Frequency & Medium: yearly , Online Language: English Country: India Indexed by: CROSSREF , ROAD , THE KEEPERS Title DOI of the Journal: http://doi.org/10.17140/issn.2377-1623
Cleaning of Dental Handpieces: A Method to Test its Efficiency, and its Evaluation With a Washer-Disinfector- Lubricator-Dryer
Objectives: When using dental handpieces (HP), a phenomenon of backflow leads to an external and internal soiling and contamination of HP, especially in their narrow air/water pipes. To prevent any cross-infection, HP need to be sterilized after a thorough cleaning. This work aims to establish and assess a method for testing their cleaning. Indeed, there is a methodological gap concerning its validation because of their complex architecture. Materials and Methods: This method is declined into a protocol using artificial soilings and ninhydrin tests. Its evaluation with a washer-disinfector-lubricator-dryer (WDLD) within 2 cleaning cycles with each 6 HP and after control tests, heads to validate its relevance and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the cleaning provided. Results: After each cycle, all HP were externally clean. Our method also showed an internal cleanliness except for 2 HP whose engines in the automaton were defective. Conclusion: This work fits with the improvement of infection control in dental practices. It is the first method developed to control the internal cleaning of HP without having to break them, and it demonstrates the need for HP to be put into an internal rotation during their cleaning. It fills the methodological gaps concerning their cleaning and allows assessing HP cleaning from dedicated WDLD. According to standard NF EN ISO15883, the method could be used for initial steps of operational or performances qualifications concerning HP cleaning.
Impact of Oral Health in the Elderly Patients Quality of Life
Aim: Oral health can affect the quality of life (QoL), and the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) index utility to assess this impact. Objective: To study the impact of oral health on quality of life of patients older than 50 years, verifying, preliminarily, the reliability of the OHIP-14 index. Methods: We studied the internal consistency of the index by applying the alpha-Cronbach coefficient. The OHIP-14 index was obtained by the additive method, and the patients were divided according to gender, age and education level. Results: Considering all the issues that make up the OHIP-14 index, good internal consistency was obtained. The homogeneity of the questions in the index, it was confirmed that condition, since the difference between the value of the total Cronbach’s alpha-factor and issues was less than 0.03. The values of the intraclass correlation show the stability of their items. Conclusion: The OHIP-14 index was consistent and proved to be there relatively high impact of oral health on QoL of patients, with a predominance of physical pain in its components “feel bothered to feed” and “feel pain in the mouth” as well as the components of the psychological impairment.
Congenitally Missing Mandibular Second Premolars: A Case Report
Congenitally missing teeth are a common developmental abnormality. It is defined as the developmental absence of teeth excluding the third molars. It is more commonly seen in permanent dentition but rarely in primary dentition. Second premolars are the most commonly missing teeth after the third molars. This paper reports a case of non-syndromic bilaterally congenitally missing second premolars in the mandibular region and its management.
The Smile Solution: Smile! How to Make Yours Perfect
An esthetically pleasing smile is an attractive quality that lures people to you, making them immediatly respond positively to a first impression, before you’ve uttered a single word. The great news is that perfect smiles are no longer limited to Hollywood celebrities (more on that in a minute). With today’s technological advancements and software, everyone can achieve the bright-white, glistening smile of their dreams.If we study the beauty of nature, art—or teeth—we will discover a common principle running throughout. This common principle is none other than the Golden Proportion, a phenomenon related to beauty.
To Mill or Not to Mill: The Pluses and Minuses of CEREC in the Office
With digital dentistry making huge strides and becoming an everyday part of our field, it is very tempting to try out the new technology to improve and hone our current clinical skills. Every office has something digital, weather an apex locator for every endodontic root canal procedure or digital radiography and being able to blow up an intraoral image to the size of a monitor screen for diagnostic reasons, dentistry of the past is just something that would hinder our practice today. It is due to this logic and the introduction of the Zirconium CEREC milling that our office took the plunge and purchased the new CEREC 4-motor unit and Omicam that is capable of milling Zirconium crowns and the Speed fire oven that is able to Sinter these milled crowns and give them the strength of up to 900 mPAs after heating them to almost 3000 °F. The other material that the Speed fire is able to use is the Duo blocks by Dens plies, a Zirconium reinforced lithium dislocates.
Oral Cancer Biomarkers: Is it a Meaningless Game?
There are forever new biomarkers discovered every now and then, claiming for their clinical diagnostic and prognostic potentials. When is it going to end or would it ever ends at all? During the preomics era, it used to be only a handful of protein markers with well-studied in-depth mechanism of actions. Then came an explosive big data era: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, etc., generating huge amount of biomolecular data beyond researchers’ ability to handle let alone understand their significance in health and disease.1,2 It was akin to a child walking into a candy shop overwhelmed by the choices. Researchers are currently busy trying to make sense of these data and slowly attempting to translate them into clinical benefits.2 Just within the field of oral cancer, omics data are being generated from all sorts of host samples types, including saliva, buccal swaps, tissue biopsies, serum, plasma, lymphatic fluids, etc. Within each sample type, one has choices of investigating Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, metabolites, small molecules, etc, originating from various cellular compartments such as nuclei, cytoplasm, membranes, mitochondria, microvesicles (exosomes),3 extracellular fluids (serum, plasma, lymphatic fluids, etc) and etc. Disease and healthy samples are being compared in the aim to identify key driver ‘cancer biomarkers’ with clinical potentials. As cancer is now perceived as a disease due to ‘molecular reprogramming’,4 hence, biomarker researchers are trying to identify global molecular events that induce normal cell to reprogram itself into cancer. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of cancers, predictably, huge numbers of molecular differences exist between normal and cancer samples, and can vary from individual to individual.
Polymorphic Genetic Markers in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Introduction: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease caused by the interaction among dental plaque, periodontal tissues, and host immune responses, which causes bone resorption. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays an important role in the periodontium destruction. Some authors have studied polymorphisms in these genes but the results were controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of genes IL-6 (-174) and MMP-1 (-1607) with CP in a Northeastern Brazilian population. Methods: A case-control study of 64 cases of CP patients and 25 healthy subjects was performed. Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal mucosa and two single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-6 (-174 G/C) and MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). Results: Regarding to results, there were no statistically significant differences between patients with CP and control group, nor to genotypes (p=0.734) nor to alleles (p=0.763), with respect to IL-6 polymorphism. For MMP-1 polymorphism, also we found no statistically significant difference in genotype (p=0.607) and allele (p=0.237) distribution between individuals with CP and the control group. Conclusion: We concluded that the polymorphism of the studied genes were not associated with susceptibility to CP in this Northeastern Brazilian population.
Evaluation of Golden Proportion Between Maxillary Anterior Teeth of South Indian Population
Golden proportion is a proportion frequently present in nature and is considered as a means of achieving harmony in the teeth. It forms an important aspect of aesthetic dentistry as it deals with the restoration of the maxillary anterior teeth in relation to their widths. Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the presence of golden proportion between the maxillary anterior teeth in south Indian population by examining their widths. The study also aimed to evaluate the existing ratio present in the population Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of two months, March and April, 2014. 200 individuals including 100 male and 100 female patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The measurements were made using Vernier calliper. Result: Golden proportion was not prevalent in the south Indian population and did not serve as an adequate guideline to be applied to all maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion: Golden proportion is not a suitable method to correlate the maxillary anterior teeth widths in the south Indian population and cannot be applied as an absolute rule.
A Rare Oral Focal Mucinosis Presentation in the Aesthetic Zone: A Case Report
The current case report presents a rare oral pathology of Oral Focal Mucinosis (OFM). The patient developed marginal gingival inflammation subsequent to esthetic crown lengthening surgery. The differential diagnosis included candidal infection, foreign body gingivitis, and Desquamative Gingivitis (DG). An incisional biopsy was performed, indicating a definitive histopathological diagnosis of OFM. OFM is a lesion developing due to over production of hyaluronic acid by fibroblasts, compromising the normal collagen production. Treatment of OFM is excisional biopsy, however; its location near the gingival margin in the aesthetic zone required a minimally invasive surgical approach. Therefore, a less invasive treatment using corticosteroids was administered, leading to resolution of the inflammation.
The Potential Role of Systemic Calcium in Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the tooth. While it is due to the interaction between a bacterial infection and host response, other factors such as genetics, diet and lifestyle choices are thought to contribute to the disease progression. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is found in food, dietary supplements and some medications. There are many claims made as to calcium’s health benefits. Both vitamin D and calcium are known to promote bone health and periodontal disease affects the alveolar bone. This paper reviews several studies have been conducted to determine if there are beneficial effects of the role of calcium in the risk and progression of periodontal disease. Studies looked at calcium intake, calcium in combination with periodontal maintenance or the effect of the levels of calcium in relation to periodontal disease. Intake of calcium was significantly and inversely associated with periodontal disease. This was in agreement with studies by several groups of researchers. Periodontal maintenance helps to maintain the effects of active periodontal therapy. Studies suggest that calcium supplementation be part of the periodontal maintenance. Other studies looked that decreased level of calcium may be a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. While many studies have shown a beneficial effect, the complete role of calcium in the prevention or progression of periodontal disease still needs further research. Eventually, calcium may be added to the list of possible treatment supplementation for periodontal disease. The objectives of this review article will shade light on the relationship of calcium intake with the possible risk and progression of periodontal disease.
Discover A New Smile-Transform Your Life
Your smile plays a major role in how you perceive yourself, as well as in the impressions you make on the people around you. Surveys have shown that more than any other physical feature-eyes, hair or body-the smile is what both men and women find most attractive in other people. A charming smile can open doors and knock down barriers that stand between you and a fuller, richer life. If, on the other hand, you are dissatisfied with your smile, it may be holding you back from fully embracing life and its opportunities. Perhaps you might be wondering whether straighter teeth might help you feel more confident in your professional life, or if a whiter, brighter smile might boost a dwindling social life.
Management of Missing Second Premolar with Single-Tooth Implant using Flapless Surgery
This article describes a case report of rehabilitation of missing mandibular premolar using implant supported crown and a flapless surgery. A 23 year old female patient, with agenesis of second premolar, was referred to the department of fixed prosthodontics at Dental Clinic of Monastir. Comprehensive examination revealed that, an orthodontic treatment was set up leading to space opening. The edentulous ridge was measured and it was suitable for adequate dimensions of second premolar. The adjacent teeth were vital, free from caries and fillings. Radiographic evaluation showed the feasibility of implant placement in the edentulous site. A flapless surgery technique was performed for implant placement. The implant supported crown was cemented using Zinc phosphate cement.
Using PF-MOUTH GELTM for Sore or Painful Tongue Improved Symptoms and Stabilized Dryness and Trapping of Food: A Case Report
We describe herein the case of a 72-year-old woman with persistent and symptomatic sore or painful tongue (SPT) treated using PF-MOUTH GELTM (PF-Gel; Daiichi-Sangyo, Osaka, Japan), which includes 30% fucoidan and 0.75% sword bean. PF-MOU TH GELTM was applied to the tongue and kept in place for 3-min. Application was performed twice a day (morning and evening) for 3-months, and resulted in marked improvement of symptomatic sore or painful tongue. Because only one case was reported in this study, clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of topical PF-MOUTH GELTM for the treatment of symptomatic sore or painful tongue.
The Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate Polyphenol Extract (POMx) Lozenges in a Saliva-Derived Biofilm Model System
The ellagitannin type polyphenols present in Pomegranate extracts (POMx) have been associated with numerous health benefits including antibacterial activities. Despite their antibacterial potency, however, these purified pomegranate polyphenol extracts need to be incorporated into a delivery system for convenient human treatments. In this study, we performed a detailed investigation of the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate polyphenol fortified lozenges against oral bacteria including the major cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans. Since oral bacteria exert their cariogenic effects when they are attached as biofilms on the tooth surface, we developed a stationary saliva-derived biofilm model for high throughput parallel screening to assess effects on bacteria in their biologically relevant mode. We found strong antibacterial activities (up to >99% killing of biofilm cells) for the POMx lozenges at exposure times (15-20 min) relevant for lozenge consumption. Most interestingly, S. mutans appeared to be even more sensitive to these products than the general biofilm population. Furthermore, consistent with data derived for polyphenols extracted from other plants, the POMx lozenges completely prevented bacterial surface adherence as determined by live imaging. In summary, our data show that the strong antibacterial and anti-adherence activities of pomegranate extracts are maintained after processing in products such as the POMx lozenges that can be easily consumed and are therefore excellent candidates for prevention and possibly treatment of oral disease.
Implant-Supported Removable Partial Denture: An Approach to Rehabilitate Maxillary Kennedy Class I
Patients with maxillary Kennedy Class I are frequent visitors to the dental office, the missing of posterior teeth makes the control of the movement of removable partial dentures difficult due to the axis of rotation and the different resiliencies between the supporting structures. The use of implants in association to the conventional metal frame denture provides favorable long-term stability and retention, good clinical outcomes in terms of occurrence of complications and maintenance. In this clinical case, a patient with a maxillary Kennedy Class I was rehabilitated using a 3 implants to support metallic removable partial denture. A three dimensional (3D) surgical guide was used for the well-placement of the strategic implants and ball attachments were tighte ned as connectors between implant and denture. The patient was satisfied after 4-years of follow-up and reported good occlusal stability, esthetic and functional satisfaction
Distal extension removable partial denture
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Adults Attending Dental Department in Rwanda Military Hospital (Rwanda): A Cross Sectional Study
Background: Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread bacterial diseases of mankind and is estimated to affect 10-15% of the population. Data indicate that the prevalence of periodontal disease is very high particularly in several African countries affecting all age groups. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of periodontal disease among 1282(15-65 years) old individuals attending the Department of Dentistry of the Rwanda Military Hospital (RMH) from July to December 2013. In addition, an attempt is made to identify possible risk factors of periodontal disease in this population. Methods: The study included all patients aged 15-65 years old. This was a retrospective crosssectional study where by we abstracted data from medical files of the patients and then completed a questionnaire designed for each patient. Periodontal status was assessed using the epidemiological part of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) with 10 index teeth (17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 47, 46, 31, 36, 37) and 6 sextants (17-14, 13-23, 24-27, 38-34, 33-43, 44-47) per individual, four indicators of periodontal status were applied. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Of the 1282 patients enrolled in the study, 49.5% were detected with calculus. Shallow pockets (4-5 mm) were present in 26.1%, and 13.6% had deep pockets (>5 mm), 9.3% had bleeding, and only 1.5% were healthy. After multiple regression analysis and adjustment for potential confounders, our findings indicated that the age, a low level of education, frequency of tooth brushing, attending dental clinic only in an emergency, diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, and smoking (p<0.01) were all statistically associated with the dependent variable “periodontal disease”. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the vast majority of patients attending the Department of Dentistry at RMH in Rwanda had different degrees of periodontal infection and demonstrates for the first time high prevalence of periodontal status and associated risk factors in an adult cohort. Our findings are of major public health significance and needs urgent attention and also calls for further population-based research studies.
Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Clove Oil and Clove Extract on Oral Pathogen
Objective The main objective of the present study was to do the comparative study of clove oil and clove extract on the oral micro-biota causing dental caries and also to assess the antifungal activity. Materials and Methods The antimicrobial activity of clove oil and clove extract was assessed against Halobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp. and Streptococcus mutans (major causative bacteria of dental plaque) by the paper disc diffusion method. For each ex tract three replicate trials were conducted against each organism. The antifungal activity of clove oil and extract was also assessed against seven fungal species (Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizomucor sp., Rhizopus sp. and Penicillium sp.) by agar disc diffusion method. Results Conclusion Keywords Both clove oil and clove extract was found to exhibit broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species involved in dental caries. Clove oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) against themajor causative bac teria of dental plaque as compared to clove extract, thereby, showing that clove oil possesses strong bactericidal activity against oral pathogens. The highest inhibition zone of diameter was observed by clove oil as compared to clove extract against the test fungal species The clove oil has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for oral pathogens
Clinical Attitude for Failed Fixed Restorations: An Overview
Fixed prosthodontic failures are varied and complex. Complications associated with conventional fixed prostheses are dental caries, need for endodontic treatment, periodontal disease. Poor esthetic is one of the most frequent reasons for replacing failed restorations. Knowledge regarding the clinical complications enhances clinicians to complete a thorough clinical examination and diagnosis, and to develop an esthetic-driven treatment plan including the selection of bleaching agent, the reconstruction type, and the ceramic material. This article illustrates several clinical complications of full coverage restorations, and discusses different therapeutic modalities which have to be combined and synchronized to enhance the esthetic outcome of the final fixed prostheses.
A Clinical Paradigm and Pertinent Literature Review for Placing Short Implants
Placing an implant to replace missing teeth can be challenging because of lack of vertical and/or horizontal bone ridge, maxillary sinus pneumatization and inferior alveolar nerve position. Additional surgical procedures may be necessary, with varying predict ability, where vertical augmentation being the least predictable. An alternative option is to place short implants and exclude the additional surgical grafting procedures. By reviewing studies, this paper explores the predictability of the short implants for use in the methods. Bicon SHORT® implants are available in 5 and 6 mm lengths and seem to be able to overcome such limits but more long-term studies are still needed to determine long-term prognosis and success of short implants in terms of them being comparable or equal to longer or standard length implants.
The Causes of Marginal Discrepancy of Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Objective Periodontal destruction observed in restored teeth is strongly caused by marginal discrepancy of the restoration, which is closely influenced by the tooth preparation, the technique of retraction and impression. Materials and Methods A hundred practitioners were selected to constitute the study’s sample. A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out. The questionnaire was filled in the practitioner's office, completed in the absence of the investigator. However, it has been com pleted for some clarifications by an interview. A digital form made through the Google Forms application provided free by the Google search engine. The questionnaire included two sections: The identification of the practitioner: this is general information about the practitioner. The conduct of prosthetic treatment. The causes of marginal discrepancy: This section concerns the major factors responsible for a good marginal fit. The collected data was introduced and processed by the microcomputer using the statistical software XLSTAT 2015 for Windows. A simple statistical analysis made it possible to calculate the percentage of the different variables, from their frequency. Results There is a significant correlation between marginal discrepancy and the respect of the finish line geometry (p=0.001). The techni que of retraction which provided the best marginal fit was the use of expasyl paste (p=0.18). There was a significant association between marginal discrepancy and the material of impression, marginal adaptation is found in 76% for impressions made by alginate, 45% for impressions made by silicone, and 100% for impressions made by polysulphides (p=0.01). Conclusion Within limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the respect of guidelines of preparation especially the finish line and the good choice of the retraction technique and the material of impression are the major keys to have a good marginal fit.
Implantology have Forever Changed Dentistry
Implantology have forever changed dentistry as we know it and its rapid leaps and bounds are trying to keep up with many of the patient’s wants and needs as well as with all the clinician’s skill sets. It used to be implants had to be long, engaging the zygomatic bone in places where bone was low on the maxilla, and dentistry evolved to move and lift the sinus. We used to have to move nerves on the mandible, but now we have mini implants for patients who would not be great candidates for such major surgical procedures. We used to have no options when a tooth would fracture and had to bring the depressing diagnoses to our patients with a sad look and offer last ditch efforts in things like root hemisections to help retrieve some semblance of occlusal function for people that desperately wanted to avoid dentures. Dentures are still the basis on which I scare my younger patients to brush and floss and to avoid the lifestyle of their grandparents, but implants have even become a life saver for those patients in dentures as well who used to suffer through their meal, eating more fixodent then food. Speaking about the good old days of enjoying a simple meal.
Dementia and Oral Health: Is There A Connection?
As the population ages, both Alzheimer’s disease and periodontal disease may increase in incidence. Both do not have a cure and can affect quality of life. Research is being conducted to determine causes, treatments and potential relationship to each other. Proposed mechanisms to how they are related is via inflammation and/or bacteria. Several studies have addressed if dental treat ment could improve cognitive function. However, further research is needed to further elucidate the relationship between both diseases. Common therapeutic approaches may help to manage both conditions, determine susceptibility and possibly prevention.
Toxicological Effects of Tobacco Compounds on the Expression of Genes Involved in Actinic Cheilitis
Background The molecular effects of substances present in tobacco and cancer development have been well described. Morphological studies have demonstrated tissue changes in patients with these lesions and tobacco substances. However, the effects of the tobacco components and the development of potentially malignant lesions remain unknown. Materials and Methods Thus, by chemical-biological analysis, we investigated compounds present in tobacco and the expression of genes involved in the etiopathogenesis of actinic cheilitis. Results and Discussion Analysis showed a ratio of 51 harmful substances present in tobacco that are involved in several biological processes that can cause abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Also, describe how cadmium can adversely affect signaling and cell differentiation through the inhibition of specific proteins. Conclusion This study provides the first approach that describes how different tobacco constituents affect a vast network of biological pro cesses in the development of actinic cheilitis and possible progression of the lip carcinoma. Keywords Lip carcinoma; Oral cancer; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Replantation: Is the Glory Well Deserved?
Avulsed teeth comprise 1-16% of all traumatic injuries of the permanent dentition. Individuals with a greater overjet are known to be more at risk compared with individuals who have a normal overjet. Unfortunately, in these situations, intrepid calculative decisions must often be made quickly, because the loss of a maxillary central incisor classically occurs by accident most commonly in patients with Angles’ Class II division 1 malocclusion. Various long-term solutions considered for avulsed maxillary incisors, especially in patients requiring orthodontic treatment at a later date are considered here along with clinical cases. Trauma often leaves extensive defects rendering the scope of implants almost nil at the concerned area and some round tripping of drifted teeth in the edentulous area can be used as an advantage for orthodontic site development to accept future prosthesis.
Profile Teleradiography: A Diagnostic Means and a Prosthetic Construction Aid for the Removable Prosthesis
The profile teleradiography finds its indication in removable denture each time that the complexity of the case requires it. It is used as a working tool with a clinical value for refining our diagnosis. The aim of this work is to establish, through a clinical case, the importance of this radiography in the diagnosis and prosthetic decision-making.
Frequency of Post-Instrumentation Symptoms Using Hand Files Versus Rotary Protapers
Introduction Controversy among dentists exists to use conventional hand files or contemporary rotary protapers for intracanal instrumentation. The controversy arose because of variable findings on post-instrumentation pain felt by the under treatment patient that acts as a deterrent to receive further endodontic treatment. This study has been planned to assess post-instrumentation pain, swelling, ten derness or redness using the hand files and rotary protapers in confined environment where rubber dam is not used for operative field isolation from oral fluids. Material and Methods One hundred and sixty vital and non-vital teeth were root treated. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. “Group A” was treated using hand files with step-back technique and “Group B” with rotary protapers. All the root therapies were accom plished in two or multiple visits depending on the satisfactory disinfection of the canal. Access to pulp chambers was obtained using sterile bur without rubber dam isolation and the preparation in either group was performed under normal saline irrigation. Drying of canal was obtained using paper points followed by cotton and temporary packing to ensure tight leak proof coronal seal and the subjects were recalled on subsequent day. Results Results revealed that the highest symptomatic adversity was faced by n=40 subjects with non-vital pulps after hand filing. Least frequent symptomatic complaints were made by the group with vital pulps and were treated by rotary protapers. In vital teeth, pain was reported more in hand filed teeth than in teeth that were treated with protapers. Non-vital teeth showed a similar pattern with greater number of complaints about pain in both hand filed and protaper subjects. Conclusion Rotary protapers induced less post-instrumentation symptoms than hand files in vital as well as non-vital teeth.
Efficacy of hand files versus rotary files
Case Report Using 4% Fucoidan Cream for Recurrent Oral Herpes Labialis: Patient Symptoms Markedly Improved in Terms of Time to Healing and Time to Loss of Discomfort
Recurrent oral herpes labialis (ROHL) is a rather widespread oral ulcerative condition with an unclear etiology. The clinical characteristics of ROHL have been defined and therapies include systemic drugs and topical application of ointment to the lips. However, these approaches have not been rigorously evaluated. Persistent, painful ROHL was successfully treated with fucoidan in two patients. This study investigated the time required to complete healing and loss of discomfort. Two patients used Power Fucoidan CreamTM (PFC) (4% fucoidan cream). ROHL was markedly improved by Power Fucoidan Cream in terms of both time to healing and time to loss of discomfort. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the value and safety of topical Power Fucoidan Cream for treating ROHL
Antifungal Activity of Commercial Mouthrinses Against Candida Albicans
Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of a delmopinol, sodium chlorite, povidone iodine, and lactoferrin-lysozyme-lactoperoxidase mouthrinse against C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms. Methods Two-fold dilutions of the mouthrinse solutions were prepared (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64), and dispensed into 96 well micro titre plates. Standardized inocula of wild type C. albicans SC5314 was added and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines for the broth microdilution assay. Optically clear wells were cultured for determination of minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). The effect of the mouthrinses against C. albicans mature biofilms was also evaluated. The metabolic activity of the biofilms was semi-quantitatively determined with a standard 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay. Results Conclusions Clinical Significance Keywords The lowest MICs were exhibited by delmopinol (1:16), followed by sodium chlorite (1:8), povidone iodine (1:4), and lactoferrin-ly sozyme-lactoperoxidase (1:4). Delmopinol exhibited fungicidal activity at 1:16 dilution, while MFCs were achieved by higher con centrations of povidone iodine (1:4) and sodium chlorite (1:2). Lactoferrin-lysozyme-lactoperoxidase did not exhibit fungicidal activity at all tested concentrations. Among the four agents at two-fold dilution, sodium chlorite and povidone iodine exhibited the greatest reductions (>90%) in C. albicans biofilms (p<0.005). Significantly greater reductions in metabolic activity were achie ved with sodium chlorite compared to the other agents at dilutions of 1:4 through to 1:32 (p<0.005). Delmopinol exhibited the highest activity against planktonic C. albicans, while sodium chlorite exhibited greater effects against mature biofilms. Sodium chlorite was shown in this study to exhibit potent antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilms, and products containing this active ingredient deserve consideration for inclusion in oral health promotion measures conducted amongst vulnerable patient groups.
Accelerating Orthodontic Treatment: A Continuous Challenge
Every clinician will always aim for providing effective treatment, this can be accomplished by delivering the planned treatment goals over the shortest time possible, with minimal biological side effects and high levels of patient satisfaction. Unlike most of the dental specialities, orthodontic treatment tends to take relatively longer duration; this can range from as short as a several months to as long as several years (representative average 24 months).1 This can be explained by the conservative nature of orthodontic treatment that mainly depends on the dento-alveolar response to gentle orthodontic forces. It is not surprising that patient satisfaction with fixed orthodontic treatment outcome is generally high.2 However, according to an interesting survey, the majority of orthodontic patients expressed that their duration of treatment was considered too long and that they wish if the duration of orthodontic treatment could be less than 12 months i.e. reduced to half.3 Nowadays, there seem to be voices in the dental field claiming this is achievable. One must be wondering if this is true?
Peri-Implantitis: A Review of the Disease and Report of a Case Treated with Allograft to Achieve Bone Regeneration
Dental implants offer excellent tooth replacement options however; peri-implantitis can limit their clinical success by causing failure. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around dental implants resulting in bone loss in association with bleeding and suppuration. Dental plaque is at the center of its etiology, and in addition, systemic diseases, smoking, and parafunctional habits are also implicated. The pathogenic species associated with peri-implantitis include, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The goal in the management of peri-implantitis is the complete resolution of peri-implant infection with function. Therapies using various biomaterials to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of peri-implantitis e.g. fibers, gels, and beads. The use of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes loaded with antimicrobials has shown success in re-osseointegrating the infected implants in animal models. Several uncertainties still remain regarding the management of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this article is to present a background of peri-implantitis along with a case of peri-implantitis successfully treated for bone regeneration.